The maths behind the range
The honest starting point is working out what repayment is genuinely comfortable. A good test: take what you currently pay in rent or put into savings each month, then ask whether you could still manage it if rates rose two or three percentage points — because that is exactly the buffer lenders test with.
Credit card limits count, even unused
Lenders assess your card limits, not your balances — around 3.8% of the total limit is treated as a monthly commitment. A $20,000 limit you never touch can quietly remove tens of thousands from your borrowing power. Cutting limits before applying is one of the simplest levers available.
Expenses have a floor
A lender’s own calculation is a different exercise: they assess income line by line, apply household expense benchmarks, add a serviceability buffer of at least 3% to the rate, and count credit card limits even when the cards are unused. That is why this figure is a conversation starter, not an approval figure.
Why the real answer varies by lender
One lender shades bonus income to 80%, another takes 100%. One applies a higher expense benchmark, another accepts your declared figures with evidence. That spread is exactly why the same person can be offered very different amounts — and why John checks actual lender policy rather than averages before you rely on a number.